The chemical reaction behind the soapmaking process is more than I’d like to get in to in this blog. If you are the type of person that likes more detailed information, you can Google “saponification” or you can ask me some questions in the comment section and I’ll be happy to answer them the best I can. There are, however, a few things concerning the use of lye in soapmaking that I would like to clear up for all our readers.
The chemical name for lye is Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). It is produced during a series of steps called the chloralkali process. Basically, it involves running a current of electricity through a salt water solution. The electrical current causes the sodium (Na) from the salt to bond with a hydrogen and oxygen from the water (OH). The result is sodium hydroxide.
Along with soapmaking, sodium hydroxide is used for some other chemical processes and also in the production or processing of the following foods:
• chocolate processing
• soft drink processing
• thickening ice cream
• olives are often soaked in sodium hydroxide to soften them
• pretzels and German lye rolls are glazed with a sodium hydroxide solution before baking to make them crisp
Soap can not be made without lye. The mixing of lye and any oils or fats causes a process called saponification to occur. That is why in some soap ingredients you see the phrase “saponified oil”, the oil has been mixed with lye to create soap. The name saponification literally means “soap making”.
Soap made in earlier American times became known as “lye soap”. That term now has come to describe a harsh soap that would irritate your skin. The old soap got a bad name because it had an excessive amount of caustic. Weighing and measuring techniques were crude, and knowledge of soap chemistry was elementary or non-existent. Now with modern advances, the lye used in soap is completely neutralized and if used correctly, no longer poses a risk to your skin. The true fact is that modern handcrafted soap, though necessarily made with lye to get true soap, has no lye in the final product. It has all been reacted with the oils to form soap and glycerin.
However, most common soap found in the grocery store made in mass-produced factories does have a small amount of excess lye in it. Also, it has had all of its naturally-occurring glycerin removed so it can be sold as a separate commodity. Why? The companies make a greater profit if they remove the glycerin from the soap and use it to make lotions which sell for a higher profit. Most modern handmade soap companies, including Glynne’s Soaps, leave the glycerin in the soap because it is very moisturizing to the skin.
Some people are still concerned about the presence of lye in their soap, especially if they are looking for an all natural or organic soap. As far as organic or all natural soaps are concerned, there is currently no standard for the lye portion of the soap. “Large-scale production of sustainable organic lye is, at this time, impossible, said Cyndi Norman of Tikvah, a Petaluma, Calif., personal care company. The percentage of lye in soap, while within “made with” organic-labeling percentages, does not meet National Organic Program standards for the organic label. David Bronner, president of Dr. Bronner’s Magic Soaps of Escondido, Calif., thinks that there are ways to work through the soap issue: “My personal feeling is that [lye] can be neutral in soap making.” In the meantime, he’s satisfied with a “made with” organic claim.” (http://www.soap-wire.com/2004/04/the_organic_tra.html) Many others agree with Bronner, since lye is a necessary part of soapmaking and it is neutralized during the process, soaps are still considered all natural or organic.
So, please don’t be afraid of lye. It is an integral part of making soap and you should still enjoy quality handmade all natural soaps without fear. You can purchase soaps that are all natural and high quality on our website at www.glynnesoaps.com